Factors Affecting Incidence of Uterine Torsion in Egyptian Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and its Response for Rolling

Objective: The present work was planned to study the incidence of uterine torsion in Egyptian buffaloes as well as its prognosis after mechanical treatment.Methods: A total number of 35 buffaloes of different ages, parities and stage of pregnancy with complain of colic and anorexia were included in the present study. These animals were examined rectally to detect stage of pregnancy, degree, direction, duration, location of uterine torsion. Mechanical handling of torsion cases and prognosis of recovered cases was performed. After birth, sex of new born was also recorded.Results: The torsion of uterus mostly occurred in pleuriparous buffaloes (100%) in right side (85.7%) during second half of pregnancy (100%). Most cases were postcervical (85.7%) during the early stage (7 and 8 months). Torsion also may occur during labour (17.4%) where the cervix was dilated after correction. Most cases of uterine torsion occur in stabled animals for long period (97%). The uterine torsion associated with male calves (65.7%) as well as with large size calves (40-50kg) and majority of the calves were in normal position. The first foetal sac expelled in majority of cases was amniotic sac (97%) with few cases of placental retention. Uterine torsion with short duration (1-6 h) usually needs 1-2 rolls only for correction and usually takes 0-6h (100%) for cervical dilatation. Occurrence of uterine torsion for above three days usually did not respond for rolling.Conclusion: Uterine torsion usually occurs in old stabled animal with good BCS during green season at last month of pregnancy. The right sever and post cervical torsion were the most common type of torsion. Rapid diagnosis of uterine torsion within 6 h usually results in good prognosis even in severe cases

UTJECAJ FILTRIRANJA I CENTRIFUGIRANJA RAZRJEĐIVAČA SPERME NA VIJABILNOST OHLAĐENE SPERME BIKA BUFALA

This study was conducted to investigate influence of filtration or centrifugation of TRIS milk diluent on the viability and acrosomal integrity of buffalo spermatozoa preserved under refrigeration condition. Semen ejaculates (n=40) were collected twice weekly using artificial vagina. Each ejaculate was exposed to the following diluents, TRIS (T1 to T4), Milk (M1 to M8), and combinations of TRIS and milk diluents at different ratios (TM1 to TM11). Some parameters as live percentage, viability indicies and acrosomal integrity of spermatozoa was calculated immediately following dilution of semen, then at 3rd, 6th and 9th day of storage at refrigeration temperature (5ºC). Data were statistically analyzed. The results revealed that centrifugation of TRIS diluent once (T3) or twice (T4), before dilution processes, had a beneficial effect on the examined parameters of diluted semen (live percentage, viability indicies and acrosomal integrity of spermatozoa) during the entire period of storage when compared with control TRIS diluent (T1) or filtrated TRIS diluent (T2). However, T3 was the best of all (T1, T2 or T4). Centrifugation of milk-yolk diluent (M3) was found better than any other treatment for the examined milk diluents. Moreover, M3 was the best of all followed by M4 and M6, then followed by the others. Likewise, a combination of T3 and M3 at a ratio of 50:50 (TM6) was, in many aspects, superior to any other combination (TM1 to TM11) or diluents used in this study for dilution and preservation of buffalo semen at refrigeration temperature. It can be concluded that centrifugation of TRIS or milk diluent once before dilution would be the best treatment. Moreover, combination of one part of centrifuged TRIS diluent and one part of centrifuged milk diluents proved to be the proper diluent of choice for dilution and preservation of buffalo semen. It is recommended to use this combination to dilute and freeze buffalo semen for the artificial insemination program.Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti utjecaj filtriranja i centrifugiranja razrjeđivača TRIS i mliječnog razrjeđivača na vijabilnost i akrosomalni integritet sperme bufala čuvane u uvjetima hlađenja. Ejakulati sperme (n=40) sakupljani su dvaput tjedno primjenom umjetne vagine. Svaki ejakulat izložen je sljedećim razrjeđivačima: TRIS (T1 do T4), mlijeko (M1 do M8) i kombinacija razrjeđivača TRIS i mliječnog razrjeđivača (TM1 do TM11). Neki su parametri, kao živi postotak, vijabilnost i akrosomalni integritet sperme, izračunati odmah nakon rezrjeđivanja sperme, zatim 3., 6. i 9. dan čuvanja na temperaturi hlađenja (5°C). Podaci su statistički analizirani. Rezultati su pokazali da centrifugiranje razrjeđivačem TRIS jedanput (T3) ili dvaput (T4) prije procesa razrjeđivanja ima povoljan utjecaj na ispitivane parametre razrjeđivanja sperme (živi postotak, vijabilnost i akrosomalni integritet sperme) u cijelom razdoblju čuvanja, u usporedbi s kontrolnim razrjeđivačem TRIS (T1) ili filtriranim razrjeđivačem (T2). Međutim, T3 je bio najbolji od svih (T1, T2 ili T4). Centrifugiranje razrjeđivača mlijeko-žumanjak (M3) pokazalo se boljim od bilo kojeg tretiranja ispitivanih mliječnih razrjeđivača. Štoviše, M3 je bio najbolji, slijede M4 i M6, a zatim ostali. Isto tako, kombinacija T3 i M3 u omjeru 50:50 (TM6) bila je u mnogo pogleda bolja od bilo koje druge kombinacije (TM1 do TM11) razrjeđivača upotrijebljenih u ovom istraživanju. Može se zaključiti da bi centrifugiranje TRIS ili mliječnim razrjeđivačem jedanput prije razrjeđivanja bio najbolji tretman za očuvanje sperme bufala na temperaturi hlađenja. Osim toga, kombinacija jednog dijela centrifugiranog razrjeđivača TRIS i jednog dijela centrifugiranih mliječnih razrjeđivača pokazala se pravim izborom za razrjeđivanje i očuvanje sperme bufala. Preporuča se upotreba ove kombinacije za razrjeđivanje i zamrzavanje sperme bufala za program umjetne oplodnje

Effects of alginates on the growth, haematological, immunity, antioxidant and pro-inflammatory responses of rabbits under high temperature

Heat stress (HS) is one of the most severe hurdles impacting rabbit growth, immunity, homeostasis, and productivity. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have considerable beneficial effects due to their plausible antioxidant and immune-stimulatory properties. This work was planned to explore the preventive function of AOS as a new bio-feed additive against the harmful effects caused by environmental HS on growing rabbits. Rabbits were allotted in four experimental groups (25 animals in each group) and fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0.0 (AOS0), 50 (AOS50), 100 (AOS100), and 150 (AOS150) mg AOS/kg diet reared under summer conditions. Dietary AOS supplementation improved significantly (P ≤ 0.001) feed conversion rate, while both AOS100 and AOS150 significantly (P ≤ 0.001) enhanced the final body weight and body weight gain. All AOS addition significantly increased nitric oxide and lysosome activity and significantly reduced interferon-gamma (IFNγ) compared with those in the control group. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase and protein carbonyl levels were significantly reduced in rabbits fed diets containing AOS (100 and 150 mg/kg) compared with those in the control group under heat stress conditions. In addition, glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) improved with increasing AOS dietary levels compared with the control group. Still, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), eosinophils, and lymphocytes did not change. Erythrocyte's indices improved significantly (P ≤ 0.001), while neutrophils and white blood cell counts were decreased by dietary AOS inclusion. Immunological (IgM and IgG) were markedly reduced in AOS-treated groups compared with the control group. The current investigation exemplified that AOS as a novel bio-feed additive that could be an effective strategy to extenuate prejudicial effects in heat-stressed rabbits via enhancing immunity, and antioxidant defence system, further regulating the inflammation cytokines.Universidad King Saud, Riad, Arabia Saudita | Ref. RSP2023R439Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal as a promising feed ingredient for poultry: A comprehensive review

Insects could be a potential replacement of protein‐rich ingredients in poultry diets. Among these insects, black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has a high content of protein and fat, which reinforces the potential of using it in poultry feed formulation and makes it one of the most promising insect species for commercial production. Protein content as well as amino acid profile in H. illucens larvae is comparable to those in many protein‐rich feedstuffs such as fish meal and soybean meal. BSF can convert organic wastes into a precious source of nutrients, such as proteins, lipids, and chitin, which contribute to reducing the environmental burden and pollution potential arising from organic waste accumulation. This review emphasizes the significance of this insect as a “green” technology in the extremely variable recycling of organic waste and generates a sustainable protein source as well as the importance of its use as a substitute of protein‐rich feedstuff in poultry feed manufacturing

Growth, carcass traits, cecal microbial counts, and blood chemistry of meat-type quail fed diets supplemented with humic acid and black cumin seeds

Objective The present study attempted to determine safe and sufficient growth promoters in poultry feeding. Methods A total of 520 seven-day-old quail chicks were randomly allotted to eight treatment groups in a 4×2 factorial design experiment to evaluate the effect of different levels of humic acid (HA) and black cumin (BC) seed and their interactions on growth, carcass traits, gut microbes, and blood chemistry of growing quails. Quails were randomly distributed into 8 groups in a 4×2 factorial design, included 4 HA levels (0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg diet) and 2 BC levels (0 or 5 g/ kg diet). Results Increasing HA level associated with a gradual increase in final weight, feed intake and body weight gain along with an improvement in feed conversion ratio. Dietary addition of 5 g BC powder/kg diet gave similar results. The highest level of HA (2.25 g/kg diet) recorded the best values of carcass weight, breast yield, intestinal length, and intestinal weight comparing with the control and other HA levels. Total viable microbial counts decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of HA except the intermediate level (1.5 g/kg diet). The concentration of serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (excluding that 0.75 g HA) decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein increased (p = 0.034) along with increasing HA level. The interaction between the 2.25 g HA×5 g gave the best results regarding most studied parameters. Conclusion These findings indicated that HA combined with BC could be used as effective growth promoters, with the recommended level being 2.25 g HA+5 g BC/kg of quail diet

Betaine and nano-emulsified vegetable oil supplementation for improving carcass and meat quality characteristics of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions

IntroductionThis research aimed to examine the effects of water-added betaine (BET) and/or nano-emulsified vegetable oil (MAGO) on carcass and meat quality characteristics of broilers raised under thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS) conditions.MethodsOn day 21, 640 birds (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of two thermal conditions (thermoneutral 22 ± 1°C and heat stress 32 ± 1°C) each containing four treatment groups: Control, BET, MAGO, and a mixture of both (BETMAGO) in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (eight groups). Each group has eight replicates, with ten birds each. The birds' carcass and meat quality characteristics were evaluated at 35 days.Results and discussionThe dressing percentage, breast, leg, wing, heart, initial pH, color change, cooking loss (CL), water-holding capacity (WHC), shear force (SF), and texture profile with exception of springiness significantly affected by the treatments. The results showed that HS had negative effects on carcass weight and relative weights of the breast, spleen, and heart. Moreover, HS increased dressing percentage, wing, initial pH, final core temperature, initial lightness, WHC, and hardness. Significant differences in interactions between treatments and temperature were observed in the spleen, WHC, and SF.ConclusionWater supplemented with BET effectively improved carcass dressing percentage, breast weight, and meat quality in terms of water-holding capacity and tenderness under HS conditions. More studies on the use of BET and/or MAGO at different levels were recommended